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服这些药易犯困！多地提醒：春节返乡谨防“药驾”******

　　春节临近，很多人选择自驾返乡，近期湖北黄冈、新疆石河子等多地交管部门发布消息称，长途驾车，除了注意避免疲劳驾驶、酒驾等，还要注意避免“药驾”。

　　“阳”后止咳

　　此类成分最易“药驾”

　　“药驾”简单来说就是指服用了影响驾驶安全的药物后仍然驾驶的行为。一些药物在服用后会引起嗜睡、头晕、反应模糊、视线重影等不良反应，从而危及行车安全。

　　“近期止咳药使用的药物咨询量达到了新高。有患者反馈止咳药吃完容易犯困，是因为某些止咳药里面含有氯苯那敏，就是我们常说的扑尔敏。”北京中医药大学东方医院药学部副主任药师张彦丽说。

　　此前在上海市卫健委直播活动中，上海市儿童医院药学部副主任李志玲曾提示，在经常使用的复方感冒药中，凡是带有“敏”字的，一般会含有扑尔敏之类的抗过敏成分，这些成分会抑制人体的中枢神经系统，从而令人产生乏力、困倦、嗜睡或视物模糊、头晕目眩等症状。

　　氯苯那敏主要用于治疗鼻炎、皮肤黏膜过敏，以及缓解流泪、打喷嚏、流涕等感冒的症状。日常药物如感冒清、感速康、速克感冒、酚麻美敏、氨麻美敏、氯芬黄敏、重感灵、复方感冒灵、复方甲氧那明、咳特灵、康乐鼻炎、鼻舒适等感冒、镇咳、鼻炎用药中，均含有氯苯那敏。

　　张彦丽介绍，氯苯那敏是第一代抗组胺药物，能透过血脑屏障、与组胺结合发挥抗过敏的作用，氯苯那敏会引起嗜睡，降低人的注意力和警觉性，使人感觉疲乏或精神不济。因此服用含有氯苯那敏成分的止咳药、鼻炎药或者感冒药后一定注意，不要驾驶车辆，以防“药驾”，威胁驾驶安全，诱发交通安全事故。

　　不只扑尔敏

　　这些药物都要注意

　　据了解，世界卫生组织列出7大类在服用后可能影响安全驾驶的药品，并提出在服用上述药品后应禁止驾车，包括：对神经系统有影响的催眠药物、有恶心呕吐反应或变态反应的药物、止痛类药物、兴奋剂、治疗癫痫的药物，以及某些抗高血压药物和降血糖药物等。

　　“服药时一定查看下说明书。”张彦丽提示，在一些药品说明书中的注意事项和禁忌里会有“服药后不得驾驶机、车、船、从事高空作业、机械作业及操作精密仪器”字样，看到这条提示就一定要避免驾车。

　　不同成分在不同患者体内产生影响的时间差异会很大。如必须驾车一般需要等待药物在人体内的浓度下降到一定水平后再驾车。同时一些药物对饮酒或服用失眠药的患者影响会更大些，“事实上，很多药物的说明书都相当冗长，患者往往没有耐心仔细阅读，但为了出行安全，一定要关注这些细节。”张彦丽说。

中新网评：处理核污水绝不是日本自家私事******

　　中新网北京1月19日电(蒋鲤)日本政府近日称，将于2023年春夏期间开始向海洋排放经过处理的福岛第一核电站核污水。日本罔顾国内民众及周边国家的屡屡反对，企图将核污水“一倒了之”，把一件关乎全球海洋生态环境和公众健康的事当成了自家私事。

资料图：日本福岛第一核电站。

　　2011年，福岛核电站事故发生后，大量放射性物质泄漏到大气层和太平洋，对周围环境造成了难以逆转的伤害，数十万人被迫撤离该地区。时至今日，作为日本邻国之一的韩国仍未解除福岛海鲜禁令。

　　日本以核污水存储能力即将达到上限为由，在2021年4月13日，正式决定将福岛第一核电站核污水排入太平洋。过去一年多，日本政府和东京电力公司一直在持续推进核污水排海计划。

　　日本政府辩称，这些核污水经多核素处理系统(ALPS)处理后很安全，甚至“可以喝”，这样的表态无疑在愚弄大众。

　　事实上，经过处理的核污水仍含有多种放射性物质，核污水一旦排放入海就无法回收，长期来看，将会给海洋生态带来难以估量的潜在威胁，最终危害人类健康。

　　因此，核污水排海计划推出后，遭到日本民众强烈反对。日本《朝日新闻》2022年3月公布的问卷调查显示，福岛县、宫城县和岩手县受访的42个市町村长中，约六成反对东京电力公司福岛第一核电站核污水排放入海。日本全国渔业协会联合会也多次申明立场，反对该计划。

　　日本政府认为，核污水排海是最便宜、最省事的解决方案，但此举却将周边国家乃至全世界置于核污染风险中。太平洋非日本一家之海，核污水会随着洋流流动，其影响势必会跨越国界，危害周边国家乃至整个国际社会的公共福祉和利益。

　　《韩国经济新闻》发文称，相关研究认为，福岛核污水如果排放入海，约7个月后将到达济州等韩国海域，该国水产业和旅游业将遭受相当大的损失。

　　德国南极海洋机构也曾发出警告，若日本将所有核污水排入海中，不到半年，整个太平洋都将面临高度辐射威胁，包括远在大洋另一端的美国。太平洋地区人民更是对日本该计划持反对意见。

　　日本作为《联合国海洋法公约》缔约国，有义务保护海洋环境。然而，在核污水排海方案的正当性、核污水数据的可靠性、净化装置的有效性、环境影响的不确定性等问题上，日本未能作出科学、可信的说明。

　　国际原子能机构技术工作组虽已三次赴日实地考察评估，但尚未就日排海方案的安全性给出结论，并且对日本提出诸多澄清要求和整改意见。在此情况下，日本仍执意推进核污水排海工程建设，这是极不负责任的行为。

　　太平洋不是日本的下水道，日本必须正视各方合理关切，在与周边国家等相关利益方和国际原子能机构充分协商后，制定合理的核污水处理方案。日本也要着眼长远，若只顾眼前，执意将核污水排放入海，不仅其自身，周边国家乃至全世界都将为之买单，其后果必将会危害数代人。

　　Fukushima water disposal by no means Japan’s own business

　　By John Lee

　　(ECNS) -- Japan has announced it will release treated wastewater from the wrecked Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant into the Pacific Ocean this year.

　　Although Fukushima wastewater disposal affects global marine ecological environment protection and public health, Japan has turned a deaf ear to domestic and international opposition to dumping the contaminated water into the sea, treating the "global" matter as its own business.

　　The Fukushima accident in 2011 had sent large quantities of radiation into the atmosphere and the Pacific Ocean, causing irreversible damage to the surrounding environment, and hundreds of thousands of people were forced to evacuate the area. South Korea still maintains its import ban on Japanese seafood from areas affected by the Fukushima nuclear disaster.

　　On April 13, 2021, Japan announced it had decided to discharge contaminated radioactive wastewater in Fukushima Prefecture into the sea due to dwindling storage space, with the Japanese government and plant operator Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings Inc. promoting the release plan over the past year.

　　The Japanese government argues that the water treated by an advanced liquid processing system, or ALPS, is safe and drinkable, which is undoubtedly fooling the public.

　　In fact, the treated wastewater still includes a variety of radioactive substances and can’t be recycled once discharged into the sea, which will pose a great threat to marine ecology and ultimately endanger human health in the long run.

　　Therefore, the discharge plan has been strongly opposed in Japan. According to a questionnaire conducted by The Asahi Shimbun, nearly 60 percent of mayors of 42 municipalities in Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima prefectures oppose the discharge plan. The National Fisheries Cooperative Federation of Japan has also repeatedly stated its opposition in public.

　　The Japanese government believes that dumping Fukushima wastewater into the sea is the cheapest and most convenient solution, but neighboring countries and even the whole world will be at risk of nuclear pollution.

　　The Pacific Ocean doesn’t belong to Japan and the wastewater flow along oceanic currents will surely break boundaries and endanger public welfare and the interests of neighboring countries and even the international community.

　　The Korea Economic Daily reported that related research concluded that if contaminated water from Fukushima is released into the ocean, it would only take seven months for the contaminated water to reach the shores of Jeju Island, with the country's aquaculture and tourism suffering considerable losses.

　　According to the calculation of a German marine scientific research institute, radioactive materials will spread to most of the Pacific Ocean within half a year from the date of discharge, and the U.S. and Canada will be affected by nuclear pollution. People in the Pacific region also oppose the discharge plan.

　　As a participant of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Japan has the obligation of protecting the marine environment.

　　However, it hasn’t offered a full and convincing explanation on issues like the legitimacy of the discharge plan, the reliability of data on the nuclear-contaminated water, the efficacy of the treatment system or the uncertainty of environmental impact.

　　Though the IAEA has yet to complete a comprehensive review after three investigations in Japan, the Japanese side has been pushing through the approval process for its discharge plan and even started building facilities for the discharge. It is rather irresponsible for Japan to act against public opinion at home and concerns abroad.

　　The Pacific Ocean is not a private Japanese sewer. The country must seriously heed the voices of the international community and make a reasonable plan for the Fukushima wastewater disposal after full consultation with stakeholders and international agencies.

　　If it only seeks instant interest and insists on discharging the contaminated water into the sea, not only itself, but also its neighboring countries and the entire world will pay for the decision and several generations will be forced to bear the consequence.